Nakh etymology : Query result

Proto-Nakh: *=aʎ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: give

Chechen: =al-

Ingush: =al-

Batsbi: =aʎ-

Comments: Pres./fut. *lo (Chech., Bacb. lo, Ing. lu). Cf. also the Ablaut stem (with a preverb) *t-ēʎ- in Chech. tēl- 'to pay', Bacb. teʎ- 'to give'.

Proto-Nakh: *=aq̇-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dry

Chechen: =eq̇a

Ingush: =eq̇a

Batsbi: =aq̇ĩ

Comments: PN *=aq̇-i(n) "dry" is derived from the verbal base *=aq̇- "to dry, to get dry" (cf. Chech. =aq̇-ō tr., =aq̇a-dala intr., Bacb. =aq̇-dar tr.).

Proto-Nakh: *=arc̣-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: naked, bare

Chechen: =erzina

Ingush: =erzana

Batsbi: =arc̣inŏ

Comments: The pure stem is preserved in Bacb. =arc̣-dalar 'to become naked, take off clothes'. PN *=arc̣i-no is historically a participial form.

Proto-Nakh: *=arsṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to fatten, become fat

Chechen: =arst-

Ingush: =arst-

Batsbi: =arsṭ-

Comments: Chech. pres. =erst-a. Cf. also the derivate adjective (participle): Chech. =ersta-na, Ing. =ersta 'fat'.

Proto-Nakh: *=ăṭ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to run

Chechen: =ad-

Ingush: =ad-

Batsbi: =aṭ-

Comments: Cf. also PN *ħ-aṭ- / *ħ-ēṭ- (with a preverb) 'to run, leap' : Chech. ħad-, Bacb. ħeṭ-. Other Ablaut grades: *ʔiṭ- (Chech. dur. id- 'to run (away)'), *=oṭ- (Bacb. =oṭ- 'to cross; walk'), *=a-b-ṭ (Chech. =owd-, Ing. =ɔwd-) 'to run (plur.)'.

Proto-Nakh: *=aχ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: walk, go

Chechen: =aχ-

Ingush: =aχ-

Batsbi: iχ-

Comments: This stem reveals 3 Ablaut grades in PN: a) *ʔiχ- > Bacb. iχ- walk; flow; b) *ʔeχ- > Chech. ʔeχ- id.; c) *=aχ- > Chech. =aχ-, Ing. =aχ- id., Bacb. =aχ- go away.

Proto-Nakh: *=āc-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to mow 2 to work hard, be exploited

Chechen: =āc- 2

Ingush: =ac- 2

Batsbi: =ac- 1

Comments: A PN derivate is *cēl 'hoe' ( < *'sickle, scythe'), reflected in Chech. cel (cēla-), Ing. cel; however, Bacb. cel 'scythe' is rather to be considered a loan from Georg. celi 'scythe'.

Proto-Nakh: *=ācu-n

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: short

Chechen: =ōca

Ingush: lɔca

Batsbi: =acũ

Comments: Ing. has a prefixed l-; cf. also Cheb. =ācũ, Shar. =ōcũ etc. For the pure root cf. Chech. =ac-dan, Bacb. =ac-d-ar "to shorten".

Proto-Nakh: *=āʎ- / -iʎ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to become, get

Chechen: =āl-

Ingush: =al-

Batsbi: =aʎ-

Comments: A very polysemic root. It is used in all three languages as an auxiliary with the meaning 'to become'; as a separate verb it can mean 'to grow; to shoot; to cross (e.g. a river); to live up to; to go away, out', with more or less the same set of meanings in all Nakh languages. The attested Ablaut grades are *=āʎ- (see above), *=ēbʎ- (Chech. =īl-, Bacb. =epl- = -ebʎ-), *=ōʎ- (Bacb. =oʎ-), *=ā-b-ʎ- (Chech. =owl-). It is also very probable, that the short Ablaut grade *-iʎ- with the preverb *χ- has yielded the common Nakh verb of being, *χiʎ- > Chech., Ing. χil-, Bacb. χiʎ-.

Bacbian in Kadagidze's recordings has a uniform -ʎ-; Desheriyev, however, writes =al- in the meaning 'to become' (Matsiyev writes =aʎ- 'to become', but =al- 'to go away'). The reason for these variations may be contamination with another widely spread common Nakh verb *=ill- / *=ēbl- / *=ōl(l) 'to put, to begin/finish etc.' (also very polysemic).

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